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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bud Billiken Club ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bud Billiken Club The Bud Billiken Club was a social club for black young people in Chicago, established in 1923, by the ''Chicago Defender'' founder Robert Sengstacke Abbott and its editor, Lucius Harper. The Bud Billiken Club was formed as part of the ''Defender Junior'', the children's page in the newspaper, to encourage reading, appropriate social conduct, and involvement in the community, among the young people of Chicago.〔Ransom, Lou. ''Chicago Defender''. 1 July 2009 – 17 June 2011. n.p. 2008. Web. 26 September 2011.〕 == Origins == The billiken, a smiling, rotund, elfin creature, popular in the early 1900s, became the mascot for the Bud Billiken Club when Abbott spotted a jolly deity on the door of a Chinese restaurant; upon learning that the jolly deity was the protector of children, he adopted the billiken as mascot of the Club. Later in 1923, the eleven-year-old boy Willard Motley submitted a drawing to the ''Chicago Defender'' of a pudgy and cheerful boy, which Abbott named the "new Billikin". The name "Bud Billiken" is a pseudonym that Abbott selected for the organization, using his own nickname "Bud"; the word "Billiken" was believed to be in reference to a character in Chinese mythology who was the protector of children. Though the billiken was actually created by an American woman in 1908, the figure still represented the guardian angel and patron of children and Abbott placed Motley’s drawing on the paper’s children’s page, the ''Defender Junior''. Known as “the first Billiken,” Motley continued to pen drawings for the ''Defender Junior'' for the next seven years.〔Rutkoff, Peter and William Scott. ”Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and the Mayor of Bronzeville, 1930-1945.” ''Journal of African American History''. 89.4 (2004): 316-330. Print.〕 The “Rules of the Bud Billiken Club” guided youth to take pride in their race and to strive towards middle class respectability.〔Grossman, James. ''Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Print.〕 It was also meant as a way to give underprivileged children a creative outlet and a chance to shine in the limelight. Over the years Bud Billiken became the mascot not only for the children’s page, but for the whole newspaper. Abbott organized dozens of Bud Billiken Clubs nationwide for children who pledged to read the Defender.〔Rutkoff, Peter and William Scott. ”Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and the Mayor of Bronzeville, 1930-1945.” ''Journal of African American History''. 89.4 (2004): 316-330. Print.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bud Billiken Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.